Juliana
Juliana (1909–;2004), queen of the Netherlands, 1948–80. Juliana was born at The Hague, the only child of Queen Wilhelmina and Prince Henry, duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. She was baptized Juliana Louise Emma Marie Wilhelmina, and given the title Princess of Orange-Nassau. Juliana attended the University of Leiden, 1927–30. In 1937 she married Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld.
During World War II, while the Germans occupied the Netherlands, Juliana and her family lived in England and Canada. They returned in 1945. She became queen after her mother abdicated in 1948 because of ill health. Juliana was a popular monarch, informal and unpretentious. She had a deep sense of royal duty and occasionally played an active political role. The most difficult period of her reign occurred in 1976 when Prince Bernhard was accused of involvement in a bribery scandal and was forced to relinquish all official duties. Juliana abdicated in favor of her daughter Beatrix in 1980.